This project is designed to test the applicability of the "rose-petal" model of family group population expansion in white-tailed deer on the Savannah River Site. This project uses a combination of radiotelemetry and genetic analysis to examine spatial and genetic structure in deer. We are using both mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analyses to examine matrilines and relatedness of animals collected to determine if this population shows a rose-petal structure. We also conducted a field test to find out if a zone of low deer density could be maintained along site highways by targeted removals. This would allow targeted removal of deer along certain roads to reduce deer-vehicle collisions.